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  >> Hrvatska Electronic Technology >  >> Home Audio >> Audio & Video Media

AUDIO KONEKTORI | XLR, 1/4-inčni, 3,5 mm, SpeakON, RCA i više

Postoje mnoge vrste konektora s kojima ćete se susresti kada radite u industriji audio produkcije. Važno je znati kako identificirati svaku vrstu konektora kako biste mogli odabrati pravi kabel u svakoj situaciji.

Do kraja ovog posta znat ćete osnovne vrste audio konektora i uobičajenu upotrebu svakog konektora.

XLR konektori

Počnimo s XLR konektorom.

Izgradnja

XLR se sastoji od tri pina. Većina XLR kabela (ponekad zvanih mikrofonski kabeli) sastoji se od pozitivne signalne žice, negativne signalne žice i oklopa.

Uobičajena upotreba

XLR kabeli se najčešće koriste za uspostavljanje uravnoteženih veza između dva uređaja.

Balansirana veza je metoda koja pomaže spriječiti ulazak šuma u signal.

XLR konektori su standard u profesionalnom zvuku za signale razine linije i mikrofona. Možete saznati više o razlici između razine mikrofona i razine linije čitanjem posta koji sam napisao o razinama audio signala.

Naći ćete ih na mikrofonima, mikserima, pojačalima i mnogim drugim vrstama profesionalne audio opreme.

U nekim slučajevima, XLR konektori će se koristiti za prijenos digitalnih signala. To znači da će umjesto analognog audio signala, digitalni audio signal biti propušten kroz konektor, kao što je AES3 veza.

¼-inčni konektori

Razgovarajmo sada o konektorima od ¼ inča.

Postoji nekoliko različitih vrsta konektora od ¼ inča. Svaka vrsta konektora od ¼ inča može prenijeti različitu vrstu signala na temelju veza koje pružaju konektori na svakom kraju kabela i samog kabela.

Najčešći tipovi konektora od ¼ inča su TS i TRS.

1/4-inčni TS konektori

Izgradnja

¼-inčni TS konektor sastoji se od dva dijela – vrha i rukavca. Ovo omogućuje dvije veze između uređaja koji se povezuju.

Uobičajena upotreba

Najčešća uporaba ¼-inčnih TS konektora su instrumentalni kabeli i zvučnički kabeli.

¼-inčni TS konektori mogu se koristiti samo za neuravnotežene spojeve.

Iako ove dvije vrste kabela izvana izgledaju identično, razlika između kabela za instrumente od ¼ inča i kabela zvučnika od ¼ inča ima veze sa samim kabelom. Možete saznati više čitajući post koji sam napisao o Kabeli za instrumente u odnosu na kabele za zvučnike.

1/4-inčni TRS konektori

Izgradnja

TRS konektor od ¼ inča sastoji se od tri dijela – vrha, prstena i rukavca. Ovaj priključak omogućuje tri točke povezivanja između uređaja.

Uobičajena upotreba

¼-inčni TRS konektori najčešće se koriste za stereo slušalice ili balansirane veze na razini linije.

TRS konektor može omogućiti samo jedan kanal uravnoteženog zvuka. Kada se TRS koristi za prijenos stereo signala, veze su neuravnotežene.

Kada pronađete ovaj konektor na slušalicama – lijevi i desni kanal vode se kroz isti kabel pomoću ¼-inčnog TRS konektora.

⅛-inčni konektori (3,5 mm)

Isti principi koji se primjenjuju na konektore od ¼ inča vrijede i za konektore od ⅛ inča (ili 3,5 mm). The type of signal a 3.5mm connector can transmit is determined by the number of connections on the connector and the type of cable being used.

3.5mm TS Connectors

Construction

A 3.5mm TS connector has two sections – a tip and a sleeve.

Common Uses

3.5mm TS connectors are not very common, but you will sometimes see them attached to some consumer microphones.

3.5mm TRS Connectors

Construction

3.5mm TRS connectors have three sections – a tip, a ring, and a sleeve.

Common Uses

Although 3.5mm TRS connectors could support a balanced connection in theory, most cables with 3.5mm TRS connectors are designed for carrying unbalanced stereo audio signals.

They are very commonly used for connecting to headphone, line outputs, or auxiliary inputs on consumer equipment, such as smartphones, laptops, and portable speakers.

It’s important to understand that 3.5mm TRS connectors are usually for unbalanced stereo signals. This means that anytime you use an adapter that has a 3.5mm stereo connector, the connection will be unbalanced.

This is the case even when using a 3.5mm to XLR adapter. Although XLR connectors are capable of balanced connections, these adapters are limited to unbalanced connections by the 3.5mm TRS connector.

3.5mm TRRS Connectors

Construction

Finally, 3.5mm TRRS connectors consist of four sections – a tip, two rings, and a sleeve.

Common Uses

3.5mm TRRS connectors are most commonly found on headsets which contain two headphones and a microphone. All three of these unbalanced signals share the same reference to ground.

The pinout of 3.5mm TRS connections varies. This means that you might need an adapter depending on if you’re connecting to a laptop, a smartphone, or a DSLR camera.

RCA Connectors

Let’s move on to RCA connectors. Although RCA connectors are usually found on consumer equipment, you may still encounter them in pro audio.

Construction

RCA connectors consist of a pin and a sleeve. This allows them to form unbalanced connections between devices.

Common Uses

RCA connectors are most commonly used to carry line level signals between consumer audio and home theater equipment. Occasionally, you will find a set of RCA connectors on an audio mixer.

If you are connecting consumer audio equipment to your professional audio equipment, or vice versa, read the post I wrote about Consumer &Professional Audio Levels to learn about the different voltage level standards for consumer and professional audio equipment.

Phoenix Connectors (Euroblock)

Another common type of connector in professional audio is a phoenix connector, or a euroblock connector.

Construction

Phoenix connectors are usually custom made for specific pieces of equipment. They usually consist of three connections – positive, negative, and ground.

Common Uses

You will usually find phoenix connectors on amplifiers, DSPs, and other audio gear for installation.

These connectors occupy a very small amount of space, making them useful for minimizing the rack space required for equipment. However, phoenix connectors are much less rugged than XLR and TRS connectors, so they are rarely used for connections that will be connected and disconnected regularly.

SpeakON Connectors

You may also encounter SpeakON connectors for connecting amplifiers to speakers. There are three common types of SpeakON connectors – NL2, NL4, and NL8.

Construction

NL2 connectors have two pins, NL4 connectors have four pins, and NL8 connectors have eight pins.

Common Uses

SpeakON connectors are used for connecting professional amplifiers and speakers.

A speaker circuit requires two wires – positive and negative. The number of pin sets a SpeakON connector has determines how many speaker circuits it can support.

An NL2 can support one speaker circuit, an NL4 can support two speaker circuits, and an NL8 can support four speaker circuits.

These connectors are much safer than ¼-inch speaker connectors for a couple of reasons.

For one, they lock in place with a spring loaded release button. This prevents them from being disconnected accidentally.

They are also safer because the connection points are located within a plastic housing. This makes it more difficult to shock yourself by accidentally touching the connections. This is a much bigger concern when dealing with speaker level signals than dealing with line level signals.


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