Koja je razlika između automobilskih zvučnika od 2 Ohma i 4 Ohma
Kada tražite automobilske zvučnike, jedan od parametara koji ćete primijetiti je impedancija od 2 ohma ili 4 ohma.
No, koja je razlika između zvučnika od 2 ohma i 4 ohma?
Glavna razlika između autozvučnika od 2 ohma i 4 ohma je količina energije koju izvlače iz pojačala. Zvučnici od 2 ohma zahtijevaju snažnije pojačalo od zvučnika od 4 ohma. Zahvaljujući tome, zvučnici od 2 ohma sviraju glasnije od zvučnika od 4 ohma, ali zvukovi koje proizvode su niže kvalitete.
U članku u nastavku pronaći ćete više informacija o tome kako odabrati pravu impedanciju za zvučnike automobila i kako ih uskladiti s pojačalima.
Što je impedancija u zvučnicima automobila?
Impedancija je otpor žice glasovne zavojnice prema struji koja teče iz pojačala. Velika većina automobilskih zvučnika proizvodi se s impedancijom od 2 ili 4 ohma.
Iako možete pronaći iznimke, poput Kicker CompRT 10″ subwoofer s impedancijom od 1 ohma, bit će teško pronaći automobilske zvučnike ili pojačala preko 4 ohma, zbog niskog napona od 12 V.
Kicker CompRT 10″ je odličan izbor kada tražite jake "udarce" i nemate puno mjesta za duboki woofer. Dostupan je na Amazonu i ako želite isprobati njegovu pravu moć, kliknite ovu poveznicu i provjerite najnoviju cijenu.
Kada vidite 4 ohma na zvučniku, to ne znači da je njegova impedancija 4 ohma konstantna. U stvarnosti, ova vrijednost se stalno mijenja, jer izravno ovisi o trenutnoj frekvenciji zvučnika i može biti niska od 0,3 ohma ili visoka od 30 ohma.
Impedancija će biti veća za niže frekvencije, a za više će biti niža. Ovo je jedan od razloga zašto su glasovne zavojnice u visokotoncima tako male.
Ukratko,vrijednost od 4 ohma postavljena na zvučnik je "nominalna impedancija" koja predstavlja prosjek svih impedancija zvučnik je dizajniran za rad.
Budući da je impedancija zvučnika povezana sa snagom u vatima, što je impedancija veća, to će manja struja teći iz pojačala. To znači da će pojačalo koje radi sa zvučnicima veće impedancije biti manje opterećeno.
Na primjer, zvučnik od 100 W od 4 ohma izvući će 100 W iz pojačala od 4 ohma, dok će zvučnik od 2 ohma natjerati isto pojačalo da proizvede 200 W. Kao rezultat toga, pojačalo može biti preopterećeno što može dovesti do pregrijavanja pojačala ili njegovog daljnjeg oštećenja.
Ako želite znati o pojačalima koja se pregrijavaju, napisao sam kratki članak o tome, pa provjerite .
Zvučnici niske impedancije mogu natjerati pojačala da rade previše .
Kao rezultat toga, njegov osigurač može pregorjeti ili će se zaštitni krug aktivirati, a pojačalo će se isključiti kako bi se zaštitili ostali dijelovi audio sustava. U ekstremnim slučajevima, preopterećeno pojačalo može eksplodirati.
Kada dizajniramo audio sustav automobila, moramo uskladiti impedanciju zvučnika s pojačalima. No, zbog mnogo različitih vrsta ugradnje u audio sustav automobila, nije uvijek moguće imati sve komponente s istim 2 ili 4 ohma.
Dalje u ovom članku proći ćemo kroz različite kombinacije impedancije.
Zašto zvučnici automobila imaju različite ome?
Često se pitamo zašto neki zvučnici imaju 4 ohma, a drugi 2 ohma. To prvenstveno ovisi o zahtjevima zvučnika u pogledu kvalitete proizvedenog zvuka i učinkovitosti.
Jedina konstanta u zvučnicima automobila je napon, dok snaga i impedancija ovise jedna o drugoj. U slučaju koaksijalnih zvučnika ili komponentnog sustava , pojačalo za automobil, kada je spojeno na skretnicu, prepoznaje impedancije cijelog skupa, a ne pojedinačnih zvučnika, koji u stvarnosti mogu biti različiti.
Zvučnici od 4 Ohma će zahtijevati manje struje od pojačala od sličnih zvučnika od 2 Ohma . U isto vrijeme, veća impedancija znači manje izobličenja u pojačalu i stabilniji protok struje, no sve više modernih pojačala može ostati stabilna dok isporučuje velike količine snage zvučnicima s niskom impedancijom.
Glavna prednost manje impedancije je veća snaga koja dolazi iz pojačala, što je važno u bučnom automobilu. Buka od ceste ili vjetra mora se kompenzirati boljim performansama zvučnika, a tu će zvučnici niske impedancije biti bolji.
Mogu li koristiti pojačalo od 2 Ohma sa zvučnicima od 4 Ohma ili obrnuto?
U većini slučajeva trebali bismo nastojati da impedancija zvučnika odgovara pojačalima, tako da kada imate pojačalo od 4 ohma, kupite sve zvučnike također od 4 ohma. Ali kada ste dizajnirali zvučni sustav s ispravno izračunatim svim otporima, te vrijednosti mogu biti različite.
You can also connect 2-ohm speakers to a 4-ohm amplifier, but in order not to damage it, remember that 2-ohm speakers should have half of the amplifier’s RMS power. Otherwise, the amplifier will be overloaded with different impedance, and transistors can even blow.
For example, when you have a 2x120W amplifier working at 4 ohms, you can pair it with either 120W 4 ohm speakers, or 2x60W 2 ohm speakers . Both sets will drive the same current from the amplifier, but the 4-ohm speakers will make a better sound.
Can I MIX 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
Most cars have installed two pairs of speakers in front and at the back, but do they have the same impedance? The vast majority, yes.
When we install 4-ohm speakers, they can be from a different brand, have different sizes or power, and also impedance can be different. However, this is rare.
When you wire 4-ohm front speakers and 2 ohm rear speakers to the 4 channel amplifier, you have to be careful with the power level of these 2-ohm speakers to not overload transistors and not damage the amplifier.
Another point to consider is the volume level of these speakers. As we already said, 2-ohm speakers can play louder with the same power, so in our example, when mixing 4 ohm and 2-ohm speakers, you can hear too much from the back of the car.
If you want to have a different impedance in the front and the back of the car and one amplifier, make sure 4-ohm speakers have twice as much power as 2 ohms. In this case, you will ensure leveling out amplifier output to all channels.
It is much easier to manage different speakers’ impedance, when your amplifier is designed to support 2 and 4 ohms on different channels , then you have to match the power of speakers to the max amplifier output, and you will be okay.
Nevertheless, the best and safest way is to use all speakers in the car with the same (either) impedance. Your system will be stable, and you will not have to make too many adjustments to make it work.
How to Connect a 2 Ohm vs 4 Ohm Subwoofer?
Subwoofers are different, and when you see a typical car audio system, the speaker with a different (usually lower) impedance will be the subwoofer.
They can work with 4, 2, or even 1 ohm in some cases and also can have either one or two voice coils, so the number of variations in subwoofer connections is much higher than for the typical car speakers.
The most significant factor in the subwoofers is their ability to create loud and strong bass, and that requires a lot of power. The more powerful the subwoofer, the lower impedance it will have.
A 2-ohm subwoofer will play louder than 4 ohms with the same power, but how strong bass will be generated also depends on the enclosure type.
If you want to make a really loud bass in your car, buy a 2-ohm subwoofer and a large power station to supply enough current. However, with the impedance reduction, you also reduce the quality of the bass, so you have to prioritize either music quality or loudness.
A similar approach is for subwoofers with dual voice coils. Although you physically have one speaker, the connection with the amplifier is the same as for the two independent woofers. Depending on how you will connect it, you will determine the overall resistance of the dual voice coil subwoofer.
When you connect both 2-ohm voice coils in series, the impedance will double, and it will become one 4 ohm speaker, or when you will wire them in parallel, the impedance will be divided and will be 1 ohm.
To decide about subwoofer impedance, you have to decide which bass quality you want to achieve, and this is the starting point. If you wish to hear hi-end perfect kicks but with a moderate volume, go for a 4-ohm subwoofer.
By doing so, you can still connect several subwoofers in the car and further increase the quality of the lowest sounds.
On the other hand, if you want to create thunders in your car and make it shaking with every kick, you should consider a 2-ohm subwoofer or even 1-ohm. And for even more bass, you can connect multi subwoofers in parallel to reduce impedance and make them play even louder, but this approach is right when the decibels are the only priority.
Can I Replace 2 Ohm Speakers With 4 Ohm Speakers?
Generally, you should be fine when replacing 2-ohm speakers with 4-ohm speakers. But keep in mind that 2ohm and 4ohm speakers have different power requirements.
4-ohm car speakers usually have a lower wattage rating than 2ohm speakers because they’re less efficient at converting electricity into sound.
When replacing speakers, we are not always checking impedance carefully, and new ones can be different from old speakers.
This simple overlooking can cause damage when replacing 2-ohm speakers with 4 ohms (or vice versa) that have the same power because they can overload the amplifier. If the amp was not designed to work with lower impedance, such change could cause the amplifier to overheat, or other damages to the car audio system.
In the vice versa scenario, when we will increase the speakers’ impedance, all audible sounds will become quieter, and although you will not damage the system, this change will not make you happy.
Can I Use Car Radio to Power 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
You can use your car radio to power 2 ohm and 4-ohm speakers. But you should know that playing 2ohm speakers on a 4ohm amp will eat up more power than usual because 2 Ohm speakers require more power to play at the same volume as the 4-ohm speakers.
FAQ
How Many Ohms Are Car Speakers?
The most common car speakers are 4 ohms. However, there are also lower impedance car speakers available with either 3 ohm or 2 ohms.
We know from the Ohm law that the lower the number of ohms, the easier it is for electricity to flow through.
In other words, a 2-ohm speaker will require less power from your amplifier than a 4-ohm speaker to produce the same volume.
What Does Ohm Mean in Car Speakers?
The impedance of a car speaker is a measure of how much the speaker resists the flow of current.
A lower impedance speaker will require less power from your amplifier to produce the same volume as a higher impedance speaker.
Can You Run 4 Ohm Speakers at 2 Ohms?
Technically you can connect 4 ohm speakers to the 2 ohm amplifier, but the volume will be lower than if you connected the same 4 ohm speakers to a 4 ohm amplifier.
How to Wire 4 Ohm Speaker to 2 Ohm Amplifier?
The best way to wire 4 ohm speakers to 2 ohm amplifiers is to wire the speakers in parallel.
This will result in a 4 ohm load on the amplifier, which is the recommended load for most car amplifiers.
This method however is common only in the case of the subwoofers, unless you use two separate 4 ohm speakers per each 2ohm channel in the amplifier.
What is Better, 2 Ohm or 4 Ohm Speakers?
Some people prefer the sound of 2 ohm speakers because they tend to have more bass, while others prefer the sound of 4 ohm speakers because they tend to have more treble.
Choosing speakers of any impedance is ultimately a personal preference and also depends on the amplifier you are using.
Can I Mix 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
Speakers of different impedances can be mixed but not within the same pair of channels.
For example, you cannot connect a 2 ohm speaker to the left channel and 4 ohm to the right channel.
This is the same logic as for the car wheels. You do not put different wheels on the same shaft.
It is however possible to use 4 ohm speakers at the front and 2 ohm speakers at the back of the car, but they have to be connected to different amplifiers.
One multichannel amplifier will not support 4 ohm and low impedance speakers playing at the same time.
If you are running 4 ohm speakers at the front of your car and 2 ohm at the back, you will need two amplifiers, one for each set of speakers.
What Does 4 Ohm Mean in Speakers?
4-ohm speakers are the most common type of speaker found in cars.
A 4-ohm speaker will require more power from the amplifier to produce the same volume as a 2-ohm speaker.