Vodič za dijeljenje snage zvučnika
Zvučnici moraju pružiti izvrstan zvuk. Iz tog razloga neki ljudi odluče spojiti dva zvučnika zajedno. Ali da biste to učinili, ključno je razumjeti kako dva zvučnika dijele snagu.
Zvučnici mogu dijeliti napajanje ako su ispravno spojeni. Kada su u seriji, otpor se zbraja (2 x 4 ohma zvučnika =8 ohma). Kada je spojen paralelno, otpor se smanjuje (2 x 4 ohma zvučnika =2 ohma).
Da biste spojili više zvučnika zajedno, morate razumjeti kako dijele snagu. Također je ključno da poznajete determinante snage zvučnika kako biste saznali jesu li dva zvučnika kompatibilna.
Također pročitajte:Treba li zvučnicima za surround zvuk napajanje?
Kako zvučnici dijele snagu
Većinu vremena ljudi žele spojiti svoja pojačala i zvučnike kako bi povećali audio snagu. Ali u nekim slučajevima spajanje dvaju zvučnika smanjuje snagu bilo kojeg od njih. Da biste to spriječili, morate znati kako zvučnici dijele snagu.
Kako zvučnici dijele snagu nije previše tehničko. Evo što kaže Geoffrey Sean Petersen, električar i vlasnik bloga Geoff the Grey Geek
Međutim, vrijedi napomenuti da spajanje više zvučnika zajedno ne udvostručuje njihovu snagu. Dakle, možete se zapitati zašto uopće trebate dodati zvučnike svom pojačalu. Glavni razlog za to je širenje pokrivenosti govornika.
Budući da zvučnici dijele snagu ovisno o njihovoj impedanciji, možda se pitate što je impedancija. Da bismo to bolje razumjeli, poslužimo se analogijom.
Zamislite svoje zvučnike kao cijevi, a audio signal ili zvuk koji reproducirate je voda koja teče u tim cijevima. S druge strane, vaše pojačalo je pumpa.
Ako je cijev veća, voda će kroz nju lakše teći nego kroz manje cijevi. Osim toga, veće cijevi mogu podnijeti više vode koja kroz njih teče zbog većeg volumena.
Što je niža impedancija zvučnika, to lakše može proći audio signal ili struja kroz njega. Na primjer, vidjet ćete pojačala koja mogu isporučiti 100 vata na impedanciji od 8 ohma. Alternativno, neka su pojačala ocijenjena za isporuku 150 ili 200 W pri impedanciji od 4 ohma.
Koristeći ovu analogiju, možete spojiti dva zvučnika iako imaju različitu impedanciju. Međutim, veza može proširiti pokrivenost zvučnika samo ako je pojačalo dovoljno snažno za povećanje snage. Razlog je taj što će povezani zvučnici dijeliti snagu pojačala.
Štoviše, kako zvuk raste ili pada, mijenja se i impedancija vašeg zvučnika. Na primjer, zvučnici koji sviraju na 41 Hz mogu imati impedanciju od 10 ohma.
Ako znate kako funkcionira impedancija zvučnika, moći ćete odabrati zvučnike koje želite spojiti.
Kako zvučnici s istom impedancijom dijele snagu
Pretpostavimo da spojite dva ili više zvučnika s istom impedancijom. U tom slučaju, rezultirajuća impedancija je impedancija jednog zvučnika podijeljena s brojem spojenih zvučnika. Dakle, ako spojite četiri zvučnika paralelno s impedancijom od 8 ohma, ukupna impedancija bila bi 2 ohma.
Alternativno, možete spojiti dva zvučnika u seriju žica. U ovom slučaju, ukupna impedancija će se dodati. Na primjer, ako spojite dva zvučnika od 16 ohma s jednim zvučnikom od 8 ohma, ukupna impedancija u seriji bila bi 40 ohma.
Međutim, ako biste iste zvučnike spojili paralelno, bilo bi znatno manje. Zapamtite da ako imamo dva zvučnika jednake impedancije, oni dijele impedanciju na pola (s brojem zvučnika) u odnosu na ocjene pojedinačnih zvučnika.
Možete li spojiti zvučnike s različitom impedancijom?
Možete spojiti zvučnike s različitim impedancijama. Međutim, postupak je malo kompliciraniji od povezivanja zvučnika iste impedancije.
Prije bilo čega drugog, morate provjeriti svoj prijemnik ili pojačalo i pronaći minimalnu ocjenu impedancije koju zahtijeva. Na primjer, vaše pojačalo ima snagu od 100 vata na najmanje 4 ohma.
Sada, uzmite da imate dva para zvučnika sa 4 i 8 ohma, redom. Dodajte zbroj ukupne impedancije za svaki par, što je u ovom slučaju 4 ohma + 4 ohma i 8 ohma + 8 ohma.
Nakon dobivanja zbroja sustava A i sustava B, pomnožite ta dva zajedno (128 ohma). Umnožak dviju impedancija zatim se dijeli s ukupnom impedancijom dvaju sustava zvučnika, koja iznosi 24 ohma.
Dakle, 128 ohma podijeljeno s 24 ohma je 5,33 ohma. To je unutar prikladnog raspona minimalne vrijednosti od 4 ohma vašeg pojačala. Što znači da možete sigurno spojiti set zvučnika bez da se oštete.
Spajanje više zvučnika u serijsko ožičenje
Kada planirate ožičiti zvučnike s višestrukim glasovnim zavojnicama, bitno je da ste dobro upoznati s procesom serijskog ožičenja.
Možete serijski spojiti na ili više zvučnih zavojnica. Da biste izvršili ovaj postupak, trebate spojiti pozitivni priključak prve glasovne zavojnice na pozitivni priključak pojačala. Zatim pričvrstite negativnu glasovnu zavojnicu spojenu na pozitivnu vezu druge glasovne zavojnice.
Ako postoje samo dvije glasovne zavojnice koje trebate spojiti u seriju, negativni priključak druge glasovne zavojnice morat će se spojiti na negativni priključak pojačala.
On the other hand, if you have multiple voice coils, you need to repeat the above-mentioned process for every additional voice coil.
Connecting Speaker Voice Coils in Parallel Wiring
Parallel wiring is much simpler than series wiring. In parallel wiring, you only need to wire all the speaker’s positive voice coils to the positive terminal of the amplifier.
Similarly, the negative voice coil connection attaches to the negative amp terminal.
Connecting Speakers Using Series-Parallel Wiring
Often, you will need to use a combination of series and parallel wiring so that you can get your desired impedance. For this method to be more accessible, it is ideal to use an even number of voice coils with the same impedance.
If you have single voice coil speakers, you need to use a minimum of four speakers with the same impedance. After the series-parallel wiring process, the resulting impedance will be the same as the impedance of one speaker.
To complete the series-parallel wiring, you need to series wire two sets of speakers. Next, the second set should be wired in parallel with the other group of speakers.
On the other hand, you need to decide how you will wire the coils on each speaker, either series or parallel, if you have multiple dual voice coils speakers.
You will then take the final impedance of the speaker’s two coils and use the other method that you have not used yet. This way, you will be able to compute the final impedance to the amplifier.
What Determines the Power of a Speaker?
A speaker’s power rating is a crucial consideration for people planning to buy a pair of speakers and connect them together. Usually, you will see the power rating listed with all the other features of the speakers. But sometimes, they are not easy to understand.
However, the problem is that power rating is something that many people misunderstand. That can be an issue, especially if you are trying to connect multiple speakers to create a sound system.
Before anything, you mustn’t get confused between the amplifier and speaker power specifications. Remember that the speaker does not work to generate power. Such is something that the amp does.
Hence, the power rating you see for speakers, measured in watts, refers to the power that the speaker can safely receive from the amplifier.
If a speaker receives more power than it safely can, it will distort and overheat. Such may lead to permanent damage to the speaker.
On the other hand, if the amp supplies power within the speaker’s capabilities, you can ensure that it will not render the speaker damaged.
To simply put it, a speaker’s power rating, known as wattage rating, is the measured limit of electricity a speaker can handle before it burns out. The measurement for this power specification is watts.
Additionally, you can calculate it as a continuous, root mean square (RMS) or peak value.
Minimum and Maximum Power Ratings of Speakers
Looking at the specifications of a speaker, you may find a minimum value for the power listed on it. If you see a minimum figure, the most minor power level is required to drive the speaker to make an audio signal.
However, your amplifier also needs to deliver this power level for the speaker to work.
On the other hand, the maximum figure you will see on a speaker’s specifications is the highest power level that it can handle before distorting. You need to make sure that you are not going over this limit.
However, it is worth noting that that the figures that you see listed in the specifications are pretty conservative.
In reality, you can exceed a little more than the maximum power of your speaker. But you can only exceed the limit for short periods to ensure that you will not damage the speakers.
Reverse Wiring:Common Mistake When Connecting Speakers
One of the most common mistakes when connecting speakers is reversing speaker wires. Of course, the best thing to do is to wire the speakers correctly.
However, the effects of incorrect wiring differ depending on the situation.
In some cases, miss-wiring is unnoticeable. On the other hand, it may cause severe problems in other cases.
Accidental reversal of your speaker wires can occur when the wires are not labeled correctly for polarity. Such an issue results in making the speaker out of phase. It will also cause audio oddities.
This common mistake is not dangerous to your speaker or amplifier. However, the proper delivery of power and speaker response will not be possible if you mistakenly reverse speaker wires.
Below are the problems that can occur as a result of reverse wiring:
- No bass
Bass’s response is one of the primary things that suffer due to reversed polarity. Speakers form bass tones by putting pressure on the air in the space that surrounds the speaker.
If the signal is out of phase, the bass speaker will move in when it should move out.
As a result, drum notes will become inaudible, causing the music to lose impact.
- Unclear Treble
Incorrectly wired speakers cause high frequencies to lose their focus. It causes airy treble, which makes the audio sound larger but less defined between each speaker.
Some people want this effect. However, it is still inaccurate in audio production. The reason is that it will affect all the drivers. For this reason, Techwalla noted that “this brand of high-frequency response also comes with a poor imaging and thin bass penalty.”
Notably, Techwalla is one of the reputable online sources of technical information for homes.
Poor Imaging
Imaging happens when two speakers project an audible representation of different instruments in the audio.
If the speakers are incorrectly wired, the sound of instruments becomes out of focus. In addition, the sound becomes sonically disorganized.
Such is especially true since miss-wiring affects the other drivers in the speakers.
Additionally, you can find mid-range frequencies in the bass and tweeter drivers. If the wirings are revered, it causes a collapse in the dynamic stereo information. For this reason, music will lose most of its impact.
Izvori
- Geoffrey Sean Petersen, How Multiple Speakers Share Power, https://geoffthegreygeek.com/multiple-speakers-share-power/
- Brent Butterworth, What Speaker Impedance Means and Why It Matters, Lifewire, https://www.lifewire.com/speaker-impedance-3134705/
- How to Power Two Speakers with a One Channel Amp, WikiHow, https://www.wikihow.com/Power-Two-Speakers-with-a-One-Channel-Amp/
- James Clark, How to Mix Different Ohm Speakers, Hunker, https://www.hunker.com/12475102/how-to-mix-different-ohm-speakers/
- Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Speaker Wiring, Kicker, https://www.kicker.com/app/misc/support/tech/tech_papers/docs/SeriesAndParallelSpeakerWiring.pdf/
- Understanding Speaker Power Rating Specifications, The Home Cinema Guide, https://www.the-home-cinema-guide.com/speaker-power-rating.html/
- David Lipscomb, What Happens If I Reverse My Speaker Wires?, https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-happens-if-i-reverse-my-speaker-wires/